A pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear power reactor, commonly using unenriched natural uranium as its fuel, that uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and moderator. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure, allowing it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling, much as in a typical pressurized water reactor. While heavy water is significantly more expensive than ordinary light water, it yields greatly enhanced neutron economy, allowing the reactor to operate without fuel enrichment facilities (mitigating the additional capital cost of the heavy water) and generally enhancing the ability of the reactor to efficiently make use of alternate fuel cycles.
Below is a diagram of a typical Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor:
List of PHWRs by country:
Argentina
- Atucha 1 & 2
- Embalse
India
- Tarapur 3 & 4
- Rajasthan 1-6 (with 2 more under construction)
- Madras 1 & 2
- Narora 1 & 2
- Kakrapar 1 & 2 (3 & 4 under construction)
- Kaiga 1-4
Pakistan
- Kanupp 1Romania
- Cernavoda 1 & 2
South Korea
- Wolsong 1-4
